Principles of hypnotic induction
Initiating hypnotic induction is a little like fostering love.
One cannot elicit an emotional state, such as love, by intoning, "Go
deeply into love." Similarly, one does not elicit hypnosis by commanding a
passive patient, "Go deeply into trance."
Note a key word in the previous sentence, elicit.
Hypnosis is elicited, not induced (despite the label "induction"). Ernest
Rossi (1976) cogently expounded the elicitation model in a number of the
books that he coauthored with Milton Erickson, including Hypnotic
Realities.
The word "induction" coniures up images of implanting
suggestions in a passive patient. Elicitation speaks to the essence of the
matter.
The hypnotherapist establishes conditions that allow
the patient to bring forth previously dormant trance
components.
Psychotherapy and hypnotherapy
Brent B. G, Jeffrey K. Zeig: The Handbook of Ericksonian
Psychotherapy; The Milton Erickson Foundation Press, Phoenix, Arizona.
2001)
We stress the impressive impact of SMILINE GAME as a
means and a coadiuvant in the psychotherapeutic strategies whatever will
be the technique that is utilized.
SMILINE GAME offers the therapist an unique
opportunity to display to the patient a number of options (resourches)
with the most objective approach.
In addition the therapist is not involved himself in
the discovering process with further advantages on a professional and
ergonomical standpoint.
In order to outline shortly the principles of SMILINE
GAME PHYLOSOPHY we will summarize what follows
- Therapeutic use of the smiline game
- The patient sits in a chair in front of a desk and
the therapist sits in front of him or her.
- The person is reassured and is asked to relax by
teaching him or her fast-acting techniques (e.g. breathing)
- Continue with a complete medical history.
Then, ask the patient to fill out the SLC 90 or other
questionnaire to identify the anxiety/depression problem.
Give the patient the problem cards and ask whether any
of the conditions exist or have relevance to his or her life
The information relating of the investigation
conducted with the help of the problem cards is compiled in a clinical
record with a complete description of the relative notes.
Thus, the therapist completes the ad-hoc questionnaire
on the clinical record with the degree of depression/anxiety/sleep
disorder/somatic disorder/pains/lifestyle/diet, and otherwise.
The resource cards (excluding the problems) are shown
and described first with the chart of the explanation of the values and
the therapist asks a preliminary question:
Is there someone that you trust who knows you and is
willing to listen to you (with skill, availability/desire and
attachment)?
If there is, here are some of the possible
representations of these persons. Indicate and select the corresponding
card.
If there are several people, the patient can select
all the corresponding cards, regardless of how many there may
be.
Then, the therapist asks the patient
At present do you engage in one or more of the
(physical or intellectual) activities illustrated here?
The patient is asked to select the cards, shuffling
through them all to find the activity or activities that he or she is
engaged in at the present time.
The therapist asks him or her to select one or more of
the activities that he or she considers 'possible' or interesting from the
ones that he or she does not currently practice.
These should be set aside from the activities
currently practiced.
Then the therapist describes the situational
anchors.
Escapes and opportunities.
The escapes are illustrated after asking the
patient if he or she considers the conditions of his or her life (family,
work, study, occasional socialization) to be satisfactory (not
stressful, not conflicting or disturbing).
If his or her opinion is very negative, several
escapes may be suggested if only as possibilities that may not be
practicable at that time (desire).
The therapist asks if the patient has an interest or
willingness - even if only hypothetical and not as a real opportunity of
comparison, association or socialization through opportunities
(resources/situational anchors) which are illustrated in accordance with
the figures of the cards.
Then the patient and therapist go back to the problem
cards. The cards are given back to the patient who looks at them together
with the therapist and critically considers what difficulties and what
options are available in light of the proven effectiveness of many of the
procedures, but especially in relation to the patient's actual willingness
to work together.
It may be useful to place all the cards on the table
(with the selected cards well visible) so that they can be used in the
discussion/description/telling of the patient's experience, past and
present and especially in relation to future possibilities.
Remember that a reassuring and relaxing approach (tone
of voice, hand gestures) and a peaceful meeting place (appropriate décor,
colors, cleanliness, without unpleasant odors or loud noises) are
important factors to comforting and inducing collaboration with the
patient.
It is also essential to reassure the patient that his
or her condition is temporary and be sure to express confidence in the
excellent outcome of the treatment.
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